Rifts beset Arabs ahead of summit amid worries about Iran

Sun, Mar 23 08:33 AM EDT By Sami Aboudi and Sylvia Westall DUBAI/KUWAIT (Reuters) - Rifts over foreign policy will likely make it harder for Arab leaders meeting at a summit this week to forge a common stand on regional challenges, including what many of them see as a threat from Iranian-U.S. rapprochement. And while the Arab League meeting may agree more humanitarian action in response to Syria's war, any communique calling for the removal of President Bashar al-Assad will not reflect divergent views behind the scenes about the Syrian leader's handling of the conflict. Syria and Iran are not the only points of contention at the annual summit, scheduled to take place in Kuwait on March 25-26. The meeting follows an unprecedented row among members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) alliance of Gulf Arab states over support for Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood and a verbal spat between Iraq and Saudi Arabia over violence in Iraq's Anbar province. "No summit has been without differences, but this one is full of differences. It is distinguished by the intensity of these disputes which puts an extra burden on the host country," said Ebtisam al-Qitbi, a professor of political science at the Emirates University in the United Arab Emirates. "It will definitely make it more difficult to focus on coming out with adequate resolutions, not to mention an agreement on anything," she added. Arab summits have long been dominated by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a topic on which most Arab states share a common view. But "Arab Spring" uprisings that began in 2011 have polarized the region. Syria's war echoes strains between Sunni Muslims, notably in the Gulf, and Shi'ites in Iraq, Lebanon and Iran, whose faith is related to that of Assad's Alawite minority. "STAND BY THE SYRIAN PEOPLE" "There is a desperate need to clear the Arab atmosphere and to benefit from convening the summit," Arab League Secretary-General Nabil Elaraby said in remarks carried by Egyptian media last week. In separate remarks, Elaraby agreed at a news conference that the summit's decisions would be affected by "differences". Syrian opposition leaders have been lobbying the 22-member League of Arab States to give them Syria's seat on the pan-Arab body, and to push Arab states to approve the delivery of military hardware to them to boost their fight to bolster Assad. Elaraby said in Kuwait that Syria's Arab League seat would remain vacant. A senior Kuwaiti official, however, said that the head of the opposition Syrian National Coalition, Ahmed al-Jarba, would deliver a speech at the summit. "The Arab summit is required to stand by the Syrian people in its great tragedy, not with words only but with material, financial, political and military backing," Saudi Arabia's Okaz newspaper quoted National Coalition member Mohammed al-Sarmini as saying. But Syria's Arab allies, including Iraq, Algeria and Lebanon, oppose any such support for the rebels. They point out that Islamists, including groups linked to al Qaeda, are the most potent force in the armed opposition. FRAGILITY Most Gulf Arab states, wary of Iranian influence among Shi'ite co-religionists in Bahrain, eastern Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq, want the summit to send a strong message to Iran to stop alleged meddling there. Iran denies any interference. They also fret that their main ally, the United States, participating in talks about Iran's disputed nuclear program, may one day restore full ties with Tehran three decades after they were cut in a crisis over the taking of U.S. hostages. "Gulf states see the main challenge coming from Iran's geo-political project," Qitbi said. "This project is getting strong and is trying to find cracks through which to penetrate the Arab wall." The summit is also likely to be complicated by the political fragility of Egypt, the most populous Arab country: Cairo has been absorbed by its own internal problems since Egypt's army ousted President Mohamed Mursi and his Muslim Brotherhood group from power last year after mass protests against his rule. The army takeover fuelled long-standing differences between Qatar, a Brotherhood ally, and Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, which both see the group as a potent political threat. "I think the Kuwaitis are anxious to ensure the Arab League summit passes off smoothly and without major embarrassment," said Kristian Ulrichsen, a Gulf expert at the U.S.-based Baker Institute. "The emir and his officials will be keen to prevent any escalation of the diplomatic row with Qatar and may use the summit to step up private efforts to mediate a solution." (Writing by Sami Aboudi, Editing by William Maclean and Andrew Heavens) ============================ Syria says Turkey shoots down Syrian warplane Mar. 23, 2014 9:12 AM EDT You are hereHome » Turkey » Syria says Turkey shoots down Syrian warplane People walk around the Crac des Chevaliers as Syrian troops take reporters on a tour a day after they ousted rebels from the castle located near the village of Hosn, Syria, Friday, March 21, 2014. The Syrian army ousted rebels from the massive Crusader fortress after several hours of fierce fighting, killing at least 93 of them as they fled to neighboring Lebanon, an army commander told reporters on a government-led tour of the area Friday. (AP Photo) DAMASCUS, SyriaCopyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. 33.510236.2913 DAMASCUS, Syria (AP) — A Syrian military spokesman says Turkey's armed forces have shot down a Syrian warplane near the countries' border, and called the act a "blatant aggression." The unnamed spokesman was quoted by Syrian state TV as saying the plane was downed Sunday in Syrian airspace as it was attacking rebels who have been on the offensive in the coastal province of Latakia. The spokesman said the pilot ejected from the aircraft. Turkey is among the main backers of Syrian opposition fighters trying to remove President Bashar Assad from power. The downing of the plane came as Syrian government troops were trying try regain a border crossing point with Turkey near the town of Kassab that rebels captured Friday. ============= After popular protests, Oman starts to pursue graft Sun, Mar 23 08:25 AM EDT By Sami Aboudi MUSCAT (Reuters) - Young Omanis who took to the streets in 2011 to demand jobs and better economic prospects failed to trigger the mass protests that transformed other parts of the Arab world in their own Gulf state. But they may have had an impact all the same, as authorities are making a start on a task that, even if coincidentally, meets one of the protesters' key demands - fighting corruption. Omanis say graft has long blighted their country, one of the least wealthy Gulf Arab Western allies. While most states in the region fare badly in global corruption perception reports, Transparency International groups Oman among the worst performers, together with Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain. "The government's campaign (is part of a response) ... to the 2011 popular demands, smoking out the termites that infested the structure and making Oman's economy more competitive through transparency and fair and free competition," said Ahmed Al-Mukhaini, a former assistant secretary-general for Oman's consultative Shura Council who advises on the country's political affairs. An absolute monarchy run by Sultan Qaboos bin Said, Oman has been pushing cautious reforms, including widening the powers of the Shura Council. Rights groups say the Sultanate still restricts freedom of expression and the press is subject to state control, however. In his first response to the February 2011 protests, Sultan Qaboos replaced ministers and promised to create 50,000 public sector jobs for its increasingly youthful population. Since then the authorities have turned their focus to corruption, strengthening domestic laws by boosting the powers of the state auditor to investigate suspicious cases and referring a number of public officials and private sector executives to the prosecution. Nearly 30 people have been sentenced to prison terms ranging from one to 23 years. It has also ordered public sector employees to meet financial disclosure requirements and signed the U.N. Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), which provides a framework for local institutions to draw up bylaws and executive regulations. LISTENING Analysts say the steps are among several signs that Oman's government is listening to its citizens following the protests, in contrast to some of its neighbors in the Gulf. "The Sultan has taken a number of steps to respond to some of the grievances articulated by protesters, and the current corruption crackdown would seem to be part of this," said Jane Kinninmont, a Middle East expert at Chatham House. Kinninmont said Oman's court cases offered "a striking contrast" to Bahrain, for example, where legal action relating to alleged corruption was taken overseas. Experts say Oman has much more to do to ensure its campaign is a success, for example by empowering and properly funding the agencies that have proved essential to anti-corruption campaigns in countries such as Indonesia and Hong Kong. "These are good first steps but (there's) still a long way to go," said Arwa Hassan, Germany-based outreach manager for the Middle East and North Africa at Transparency International. If the campaign succeeds, the Oman government hopes to not only win praise at home and abroad but also reassure foreign investors about the rule of law in the country of 3.9 million people. Some businessmen are concerned the crackdown could have a negative effect, at least in the short-term, by causing officials and executives to become wary of government-related contracts because of the possible legal repercussions, resulting in delays to investment projects. An Egyptian businessman who operates in the country said there was a risk business could stall. "If you go to board rooms, everyone is discussing it (the crackdown on corruption) and how it may affect their business," said an Omani banker, declining to be named because of the sensitivity of the issue. TIP OF THE ICEBERG? Transparency International's 2013 corruption perception index report ranked Oman at 61, far behind the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, which came in at 26 and 28 respectively. Omanis blame a system that allows senior government officials to simultaneously hold positions in private sector companies, leading to a potential conflict of interest in contracts involving public projects. Al-Mukhaini said the prosecutor's office appears to have been shocked by the extent of the corruption they had found over the past 12 months. "We are only seeing the tip of the iceberg because they are still detaining people and are still investigating," he said. An Omani government source said state auditors were targeting corruption in the energy and contracting sectors in "a state drive to fight corruption in all its forms and in accordance with the results of investigations by an independent judiciary". Dozens have been taken to court since late last year on charges ranging from taking bribes in exchange for government contracts to appropriating state lands for themselves or for relatives. In one of the earliest cases, the Al-Zaman newspaper reported last October that Swiss authorities had contacted Oman after noticing suspicious deposits worth "tens of millions of dollars". Oman promptly launched an investigation, working closely with the Swiss, leading to the conviction on February 27 of state-owned Oman Oil Company CEO, Ahmad al-Wahaibi, on charges of taking $8 millions in bribes, abuse of office and money laundering. He was sentenced to a total of 23 years in jail. Court documents showed the money had been paid into Wahaibi's Swiss bank account. Swiss authorities declined to comment on the case. "The government has begun to realize the extent of these violations and has begun a campaign to fumigate the system," said journalist Zaher al-Abri, who was the reporter on the original Al-Zaman story. "I believe that Sultan Qaboos himself is following up on this file," he told Reuters. HEAVY PRICE In at least one case, corrupt practices could have a direct heavy financial price for Oman, court proceedings showed. At a trial in January in which a finance ministry official was convicted of taking a bribe and sentenced to three years in jail and fined 600,000 rials ($1.56 million), court documents showed that a Turkish firm was demanding nearly $200 million in damages after a $743 million contract originally awarded to it was given to another local Omani contractor. The company, Attila Dogan, confirmed it had sent a "Notice of Dispute to the Sultanate of Oman and (to) Sultan Qaboos under the Turkey-Oman Bilateral Investment Treaty, demanding some $183 million in damages and harm." The compensation demand is still pending. Omani political analysts are encouraged but not expecting big changes anytime soon. For one thing, Oman lacks many of the civil society groups - trade and professional unions, pressure groups and non-governmental organizations - that can focus public pressure on the authorities for effective action, they say. Oman has also not yet signed up to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, which Transparency International says is a key benchmark in criminalizing the bribery of public officials in international business transactions. "The private sector in Oman has been dominated, company executives have been the high-level officials in the state," said Mohammed al-Harthy, head of the Omani Economic Association, a civil society group that works to promote economic development in Oman. "It is not realistic to expect to change this overnight." ($1 = 0.3850 Omani rials) (Additional reporting by Fatma AlArimi in Muscat; ; Editing by Sonya Hepinstall) ======================== Kuwait sees 'enormous' dangers as Arabs open summit Tue, Mar 25 05:50 AM EDT By Sylvia Westall and Amena Bakr KUWAIT (Reuters) - Warning of "enormous" dangers, Kuwait urged Arab leaders on Tuesday to end multiple disputes complicating crises such as Syria's war and political turmoil in the most populous Arab state, Egypt. Kuwait's emir, Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmed al-Sabah, called on the annual meeting of the 22-member League of Arab States to solve rifts he said were obstructing joint Arab action. "The dangers around us are enormous and we will not move towards joint Arab action without our unity and without casting aside our difference," Sheikh Sabah, the summit host, said. He named no specific country, but was apparently referring to worsening disputes among Arab states over the political role of Islamists in the region, and over what many Gulf states see as interference in their affairs by non-Arab Iran. The meeting is expected to agree on more humanitarian action in response to Syria's war, which has entered its fourth year and put a severe strain on neighboring states hosting refugees. Saudi Crown Prince Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, whose country supports rebels trying to topple Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, called for "changing the balance of forces" on the ground there. He said the crisis in Syria had reached catastrophic proportions. The gathering follows an unusual row among members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) alliance of Gulf Arab states over Qatari support for Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood, and a verbal spat between Iraq and Saudi Arabia over violence in Iraq's Anbar province. The row among Gulf Arab states is unlikely to get a detailed airing at Tuesday's plenary gathering. Gulf states tend to keep their disagreements private, making a decision by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain earlier this month to recall their ambassadors from Qatar especially sensitive. Kuwait, which kept its envoy in Doha, has offered to mediate in the dispute and is anxious to see the summit take place without further divisions. Shortly before the gathering began Kuwait's Sheikh Sabah, smiling broadly, stood between Saudi Crown Prince Salman and Qatar's emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani, holding hands with them in an apparent attempt to convey a mood of reconciliation. RECONCILIATION But a Kuwaiti official said the dispute between Qatar and its neighbors was not expected to be on the summit's agenda. Asked whether the issue would be raised at the meeting, Khaled al Jarallah, Kuwaiti undersecretary for foreign affairs, told reporters: "Gulf reconciliation, and Gulf issues are something for inside the Gulf house." On Monday Lebanon's foreign minister called on Arab states to support the Lebanese army to counter fallout from Syria's civil war, which he said threatened to tear the country apart. The meeting will also discuss other regional challenges such as Iran, which has improved its long-frosty ties with Western powers since the election of President Hassan Rouhani. Arab summits have long been dominated by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a topic on which most Arab states share a common view. The "Arab Spring" uprisings that began in 2011 have polarized the region, however. Syria's war has stirred tensions between Sunni Muslims, notably in the Gulf, and Shi'ites in Iraq, Lebanon and Iran, whose faith is related to that of Assad's Alawite minority. Arab League Secretary-General Nabil Elaraby has said the summit could be affected by "differences" and that there was an urgent need to clear the atmosphere. Egypt's foreign minister Nabil Fahmy said reconciliation would prove difficult at the summit. "WOUND IS DEEP" "I don't expect we will leave from the Kuwait summit with all parties convinced that all things are resolved," he told reporters in Kuwait on Sunday. "The wound is deep." Syrian opposition leaders have been lobbying the Arab League to give them Syria's seat on the pan-Arab body, and to push Arab states to approve the delivery of military hardware to them to boost their fight against Assad. Syria's seat will remain vacant at the summit but the head of the opposition Syrian National Coalition, Ahmed al-Jarba, is due to deliver a speech. Lakhdar Brahimi, the United Nations peace mediator for Syria, said on Monday it was unlikely that talks in Switzerland between the Syrian government and opposition would resume soon. Syria's Arab allies, including Iraq, Algeria and Lebanon, oppose support for the rebels. They point out that Islamists, including groups linked to al Qaeda, are the strongest force in the armed opposition. (Additional reporting by Sami Aboudi and Rania El Gamal in Dubai, Editing by William Maclean) Saudi says world has 'betrayed' Syria rebels (AFP) – 30 minutes ago Kuwait City — Saudi Arabia's crown prince on Tuesday said the international community had "betrayed" Syrian rebels by being slow to provide them with arms as they fight to topple President Bashar al-Assad's regime. Crown Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz, addressing the Arab summit in Kuwait City, said a "legitimate resistance betrayed by the international community and left easy prey to tyrant forces" is facing challenges in the conflict-hit country. ============================= Arab summit strives to heal rifts, stave off 'enormous' peril Tue, Mar 25 07:44 AM EDT 1 of 12 By Sylvia Westall and Amena Bakr KUWAIT (Reuters) - Warning of "enormous" dangers, Kuwait urged Arab leaders on Tuesday to resolve a lengthening list of disputes complicating crises such as Syria's war and political strife in the biggest Arab state, Egypt. The annual summit of the 22-member Arab League also heard an appeal from the U.N. peace mediator for Syria, Lakhdar Brahimi, for an end the flow of arms to the combatants in the war, which has killed over 140,000 people and forced millions to flee. Brahimi did not name the suppliers, but Saudi Arabia and Qatar are believed to be the main Arab funders of military assistance to rebels in Syria, while non-Arab Iran is the main regional power backing President Bashar al-Assad. "The whole region is in danger," of being dragged into the conflict, Brahimi said, calling for renewed efforts to find a political settlement to the crisis, now in its fourth year. Kuwait's emir, Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmed al-Sabah, urged Arab states to solve rifts he said were blocking joint Arab action. "The dangers around us are enormous and we will not move towards joint Arab action without our unity and without casting aside our difference," Sheikh Sabah, the summit host, said. He named no country. But he was apparently referring to worsening disputes among Arab states over the political role of Islamists in the region, and over what many Gulf states see as interference in their affairs by Shi'ite Muslim Iran, locked in a struggle for regional influence with Sunni power Saudi Arabia. The summit follows an unusual row within the Gulf Cooperation Council alliance of Gulf Arab states over Qatari support for Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood, and a spat between Iraq and Saudi Arabia over violence in Iraq's Anbar province. Gulf states tend to keep their disputes private, making a move by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain this month to recall their ambassadors from Qatar highly sensitive. Kuwait has offered to mediate: Shortly before the gathering Kuwait's Sheikh Sabah, smiling broadly, stood between Saudi Crown Prince Salman and Qatar's emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani, holding hands with them in an apparent attempt to convey a mood of reconciliation. RECONCILIATION But a Kuwaiti official said the dispute between Qatar and its neighbours was not expected to be on the summit's agenda. "Gulf reconciliation, and Gulf issues are something for inside the Gulf house," said Khaled al Jarallah, Kuwaiti undersecretary for foreign affairs. Arab summits are often dominated by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a unifying topic for Arabs. The "Arab Spring" uprisings that began in 2011 have polarised the region, however. Syria's war has stirred tensions between Sunni Muslims, notably in the Gulf, and Shi'ites in Iraq, Lebanon and Iran, whose faith is related to that of Assad's Alawite minority. Reiterating that he saw no military solution to the war, Brahimi said Lebanon was in particular danger of being sucked into the conflict. This appeared to be a reference to recent clashes between Alawites and Sunnis in northern Lebanon and Sunni militant bomb attacks in areas controlled by Lebanon's Shi'ite Hezbollah which has been helping Assad in his war against Sunni rebels. Saudi Crown Prince Salman called for "changing the balance of forces" on the ground there, adding that the crisis in Syria had reached catastrophic proportions. On Monday Lebanon's foreign minister called on Arab states to support the Lebanese army to counter fallout from Syria's war, which he said threatened to tear the country apart. VACANT SEAT The meeting was expected also to discuss other challenges such as Iran, which has improved its long-frosty ties with Western powers since the election of President Hassan Rouhani. Syrian opposition leaders have been lobbying the Arab League to give them Syria's seat on the pan-Arab body, and to push Arab states to approve the delivery of military hardware to them. In the event, Syria's seat remained vacant at the summit. The head of the opposition Syrian National Coalition, Ahmed al-Jarba, made a speech appealing for more outside help for the rebels, and chided Arab states for not agreeing to give the coalition Syria's seat, saying this would only embolden Assad. Jarba asked Arab states to press the international community to provide heavy weapons to "our revolutionaries" and increase humanitarian support to Syrians affected by the conflict. Syria's Arab allies, including Iraq, Algeria and Lebanon, oppose support for the rebels. They point out that Islamists, including groups linked to al Qaeda, are the strongest force in the armed opposition. (Additional reporting by Sami Aboudi and Rania El Gamal in Dubai, and Samia Nakhoul and Dominic Evans in Beirut, Editing by William Maclean) ================== This general view shows the newsroom at the headquarters of the Al Jazeera satellite channel in Doha, Feb. 7, 2011. (photo by REUTERS/ Fadi Al-Assaad) Al Jazeera's split coverage on Saudi-Qatari feud Author: Daoud Kuttab Posted March 25, 2014 Eight years ago, I wrote an optimistic column praising the Qatari-based Al Jazeera satellite network. My piece, “The Al Jazeera Revolution Turns Ten,” was published in five languages and reprinted around the world. The success and changes that the Doha-based television station brought to Arab media disappeared with the so-called Arab Spring. While Al Jazeera's original Arabic channel remains the most watched news station in the Arab region, its professionalism and impartiality has taken a few hits in recent years. The international Al Jazeera English is, however, a different story. Summary⎙ Print Al Jazeera's English and Arabic channels differ in their coverage of the Saudi-Qatari feud.Author Daoud Kuttab Posted March 25, 2014 The English channel's tone is softer, and it is audibly calmer. Well-known and respected reporters, anchors and editors from a number of nations comprise the Doha-based station team and the channel's foreign outposts. This version of Al Jazeera won a Peabody Award in 2012 for its Arab Spring coverage. Its 24-hour news coverage shifts among regions and their priorities, allowing it, for example, to provide prime-time viewers in China with news relevant to them at 8:00 p.m. The concept has been so successful that CNN International felt compelled to add an anchor to prime-time evening hours broadcasting out of Abu Dhabi. Al Jazeera English's coverage also offers more balance and nuance. For example, in referring to the July 2013 events in Egypt, Al Jazeera Arabic regularly calls the change in government a "coup," while the English channel calls it a "military-led overthrow of Morsi." While Al Jazeera English as well as Al Jazeera America have been gaining in prestige, the Arabic station has not fared as well. For years, Al Jazeera Arabic's critics have been wondering how the privately owned, but Qatari-subsidized network would cover a purely Qatari news story. The question remained unanswered simply because nothing newsworthy happened in the tiny Gulf state. The Al-Thani's succession from father to son in June 2013 was perhaps a big story, but despite its possible ramifications, it was mostly an internal affair. Recently, however, a major story about Qatar did break, and the once highly professional television news channel failed in its handling of it. I was in Doha on March 5 when three Gulf states — Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates — decided to withdraw their ambassadors from Qatar. This was a major news story that would normally receive priority coverage on any Arab station. This, however, is not what happened at the Arabic-language Al Jazeera, the broadcaster's flagship station. Despite being the day's top story, the diplomatic dispute was fourth on the news agenda of Al Jazeera's main nightly news program, broadcast at 9:00 p.m. After three Egyptian-related news stories, the Qatari Al Jazeera anchor read the Doha government’s press release on the matter. There were no comments, no interviews. "Hasad Al Yom" (The Day’s Harvest), Al Jazeera’s one-hour, in-depth nightly news program airing at 11:00 p.m., did not do much better. Fifteen minutes into the program, viewers were finally presented with coverage of the dispute. Not only was the story ranked low in terms of importance, but the coverage was handled in a defensive manner. Any unfavorable comment about Qatar was jumped on, while supporters of Qatar were given a free ride. There were no attempts to get to the bottom of the story. No Qatari official was interviewed, and no news was broken. Viewers were left with a Kuwaiti, a Saudi and a Qatari pundit to provide reactions, rather than the network supplying background on the most important news regarding Qatar. If Al Jazeera's news coverage from March 5 were to be evaluated by a media professional, it would certainly get low grades for it poor handling of such a major news story. Such treatment of a crisis involving a media patron would be normal for most Arab news networks, but other Arab stations are not Al Jazeera. They do not make the same claims to professionalism. Some would argue that Al Jazeera’s real agenda has always been there, but was cleverly concealed by using professional journalists, who provided cover to the funders’ real intent. If that is the case, then the mask was undoubtedly lifted on March 5. With one look at Al Jazeera’s Mubasher station in Egypt, which runs nonstop videos of pro-Morsi demonstrations, viewers might incorrectly conclude that they were watching a Muslim Brotherhood mouthpiece. Al Jazeera officials in Doha told Al-Monitor that no one from the current Egyptian government or its supporters will agree to appear on the channel. The discrepancies between Al Jazeera’s Arabic and English channels speaks to the differing editorial approaches of the Arabic-language channel and the English service, which competes for its market share with a host of international outlets. It also reveals how Al Jazeera distinguishes between its audiences by applying different standards to its English and Arabic services. Read more: http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/jazeera-qatar-media-coverage-saudi-gcc.html#ixzz2x4FJ6RA1 ===============